The First Ladies
by Marie Benedict
Contents
Chapter 60
Overview
With Eleanor’s help, Philip, Walter White, and Robert Weaver secure President Roosevelt’s agreement to issue an executive order banning discrimination in the military and defense industries. Although desegregation language is deferred, the breakthrough sets precedent and likely averts the planned march. Mary receives overdue credit and reconciliation from colleagues.
Summary
On June 18, 1941, Mary anxiously waits in her Washington home for news from a pivotal White House meeting between President Roosevelt and Negro leaders. She reflects that the Federal Council’s trust in her had frayed, prompting Eleanor Roosevelt to directly convene Philip, Walter White, and Robert Weaver, arm them with data, and press for a presidential commitment.
Philip, Walter, and Robert return and report that the president met them surrounded by military and war advisers. Despite resistance from the advisers, Roosevelt was attentive, primed by mounting pressure over the threatened march. The delegation restated their case methodically, treating it as new to ensure nothing was assumed or overlooked.
After two hours, the president agreed to an executive order prohibiting discrimination in the armed forces and defense jobs. The men stayed with the advisers to shape draft language, which a government lawyer would formalize the next day for review. While explicit desegregation wording remains out of reach, they agree this step is unprecedented, and, pending satisfactory final text, they will cancel the march.
As the men celebrate, Walter credits Mary and Eleanor for making the breakthrough possible and offers an apology on behalf of the group. Mary hopes the leaders now recognize the value of quiet access and influence. She toasts the partial victory with one sip of champagne, saving a second for when the order is finalized.
Who Appears
- MaryHost and strategist awaiting results; learns her behind-the-scenes efforts enabled the breakthrough and regains colleagues’ respect.
- Walter WhiteNAACP leader; negotiates at the White House, announces FDR’s agreement, credits Mary and Eleanor, and signals likely march cancellation.
- PhilipOrganizer of the planned march; reports on the meeting’s dynamics and frames the executive order as a historic first step.
- Robert WeaverCouncil representative and debater; part of the three-man delegation shaping the executive order language.
- President RooseveltMeets with the delegation, agrees to issue an order banning discrimination in the military and defense jobs.
- Eleanor RooseveltFacilitates the meeting, supports ending discrimination, and channels data to the president to spur action.